Celebration of DESAME (Day of Earth Sciences in Africa and Middle East).
A report from the IAPG section in the Democratic Republic of Congo
Jean-Robert Nshokano Mweze
(IAPG DR Congo)
A report from the IAPG section in the Democratic Republic of Congo
Jean-Robert Nshokano Mweze
(IAPG DR Congo)
Place:
Bukavu (Bandari)
Date:
March 23, 2014
Topic:
"Geo-education, geo-heritage and peace building in Africa and Middle East"
The day was celebrated in Bukavu under the coverage of Centre for Research and Documentation of African CERDAF/Bukavu.
Program of activities:
Activities with pupils and teachers of geography from secondary schools
9:00-9:30: Opening Ceremony.
9:30-10:00: What about natural phenomena.
10:15-11:45: Workshop for geography teachers:
- 10:15-10:30: The hydrological cycle (Paul Burama).
- 10:35-11:05: Notions on Geodynamics (Jaziel Nkere).
- 11:10-11:25: Natural risks prevention (Francoise Kwinja).
- 11:30-11:45: Notions on Geoparks (Jean-Robert Nshokano Mweze).
Activities with students of secondary and primary school
11:15-11:45: exposure of geological maps, rocks and minerals.
11:50-12:20: Brief refreshment.
Conference
13:00-13:30: Opening of the conference.
13:45-14:05: Management of natural risks (Serges Butara)
14:10-14:30: The artisanal mining in South Kivu: socio-economic impacts (Norbert Mweze et al).
14:35-14:45: Break.
14:50-15:10: Characterization of a sedimentary basin with a structural analysis: the case of Inkisi basin in Kinshasa (DR Congo) (Gloire Ganza Bamulezi).
15:15-15:35: Study of deformation in the gneiss Bunyakiri, south of Lake Kivu, DR Congo: the case of Bulambika and Miowe sectors (Cirhuza Cirimwami Rodrigue et al.).
16:05-16:35: Team-work for recommendations.
16:40-17:15: Brief refreshment.
The workshop was addressed to teachers of geography. In the same time, we were an exposition and explanation of rocks, minerals and geological maps of the region to pupils. The workshop was conducted according to four topics: hydrologic cycle, geodynamics, risk prevention and notions of geo-parks.
The afternoon program (conference) had 70 participants. We had 4 scientific presentations as mentioned in the program. In the end of the conference, some recommendations were taken according to 3 topics: 1) Natural risks, 2) Mining exploitation, 3) Geology and geoeducation.
The Teamwork has allowed us to develop recommendations in the following areas:
1. Theme I: Natural Hazards
Abstracts
Les risques naturels au niveau mondial en général et au Sud Kivu en particulier.
(Serges Butara, CRGM/Lwiro)
Mots clefs: Risques Naturels, Sud-Kivu.
L'intérêt porté aux risques naturels et aux catastrophes naturelles ne cesse de croître. Par catastrophes naturelles, on entend les sinistres provoqués par les forces de la nature. Ces catastrophes sont très divers tant par leur étendue géographique que par leur échelle de temps. D'après les responsables de la Veille Météorologique Mondiale, notre planète subit d'innombrables assauts au cours d'une année: de l'ordre de 100000 orages, 10000 inondations, des milliers de séismes, d'incendies de forêts, de glissements de terrain, d'avalanches et de tornades, et des centaines d'éruptions volcaniques, de cyclones tropicaux, d'épisodes de sécheresse et d'infestations acridiennes. Seules les plus dramatiques de ces catastrophes font les gros titres de la presse internationale, mais toutes causent des pertes en vies humaines et des dégâts matériels. Au cours des trente dernières années, les catastrophes naturelles ont coûté la vie à plus de trois millions de personnes et laissé plus d'un milliard d'individus malades ou sans abri, dont 95% dans les pays en voie de développement.
The natural risks in the world in general and in South Kivu in particular.
(Serges Butara, CRGM/Lwiro)
Keywords: natural risks, South Kivu.
The interest to the natural risks (hazards) and the natural disasters continues to grow. Natural disasters are provoked by the strengths of the nature. These disasters are various following their geographical extent and their scale of time. According to the responsible of the Vigil World Meteorological, during one year our planet is subject of innumerable: around 100000 storms, 10000 floodings, the thousands of earthquakes, forests fires, landslides, avalanches and tornados, and the hundreds of volcanic eruptions, of tropical cyclones, and episodes of drought. Only dramatic disasters interest international press, but all cause losses in human lives and the material damages. During the last thirty years, the natural disasters cost life to more of three millions of people and let more than one billion persons sick or without shelter, 95% in the developing countries.
Caractérisation d’un bassin sédimentaire à l’aide d’une analyse structurale : cas du bassin de l’Inkisi à Kinshasa(RDC),
(Gloire Ganza Bamulezi, Université Officielle de Bukavu)
Mots-clés: Bassin sédimentaire, analyse structurale, paléocourant, fluvio-deltaïque, Inkisi, Kinshasa.
L'analyse structurale des données relatives à l'orientation des plans de stratification et des litages obliques observés dans le bassin sédimentaire de l'Inkisi affleurant à Kinshasa et ses environs immédiats a permis la caractérisation dudit bassin. L'orientation des paléocourants à l'origine de la mise en place des sédiments prouve que la zone source des sédiments (massif du Chaillu au Gabon) se situe au nord du bassin, et que la paléopente de ce dernier (10°-20°) n'est pas fort accidentée. Ces paramètres structuraux obtenus à l'aide du Logiciel Win-tensor (version 5.0.0) ont permis de renforcer l'hypothèse relative à la nature fluvio-deltaïque du bassin qui avait été émise par Philippe Alvarez ses compagnons en 1995.
Characterization of a sedimentary basin with a structural analysis: the case of the Inkisi basin in Kinshasa (DRC).
(Gloire Ganza Bamulezi, Universite Officielle de Bukavu)
Keywords. Sedimentary basin, structural analysis, paleocurrent, fluvio- deltaic, Inkisi Basin, Kinshasa
Structural analysis of data on the bedding planes orientation and oblique litages observed in the Inkisi sedimentary Basin flush in Kinshasa and its immediate surroundings has allowed to make the characterization of the basin. The paleocurrent orientation in origin of the setting up of sediments shows that the source of sediment (Chaillu Massif in Gabon) is located in the north of the basin, and the palaeoslope of the basin (10°-20°) is not very hilly. These structural parameters obtained using the tensor-Win software (version 5.0.0) have strengthened the hypothesis on the fluvio-deltaic nature of the basin which had been issued by Philippe Alvarez and his companions in 1995.
Etude de la deformation dans les gneiss de Bunyakiri, sud-est du Lac Kivu, R.D. Congo: cas des secteurs de Bulambika et Miowe.
(Rodrigue Cirhuza Cirimwami 1, Toussaint Mugaruka Bibentyo 1, Corneille Kapajika Badibanga 2, Espoir Mugisho Birhenjira 1)
1 Université Officielle de Bukavu
2 Université de Lubumbashi
Le secteur de Bulambika-Miowe à Bunyakiri est caractérisé par deux phases tectoniques qui sont définies par trois types des structures géologiques observées dans les gneiss.
- La première phase rattachée à la phase de déformation D2 de la tectonique du Kivu a mis en en place des déformations homogènes dont la foliation et la linéation minérale des gneiss. Ces deux structures sont parallèles respectivement au plan axial et à l’axe du pli déversé vers l’ENE défini par Rumvegeri (1987) dans les formations de Bunyakiri.
- La deuxième phase de déformation rattachée à la phase de déformation D2 est caractérisée par un cisaillement tardif à postérieur à D2 qui a affecté les gneiss de métamorphisme mésozonal à catazonal de Bulambilka-Myowe. Ce cisaillement a généré des fractures de Riedel qui encaisse les filons conjugués de pegmatites.
L'impact de la jeunesse dans la gestion rationnelle des ressources naturelles.
(Par Sylvain Kulimushi Matabaro, ISP-Bukavu)
Mots clés: jeunesse, gestion ressources naturelles.
Le Monde à l'aube du XXIe siècle est confronté à des problèmes multiformes. Mais il apparait de manière évidente que la gestion irrationnelle des ressources naturelles est l'une des principales causes qui alimentent les conflits à la surface du globe. La mainmise sur les ressources pétrolières par les multinationaux des Grandes puissances, au détriment des populations autochtones, l'érosion de la biodiversité à cause de la surexploitation, la pollution des écosystèmes terrestres, marins et atmosphériques, tels sont les maux qui rongent le monde actuellement. La jeunesse est consommatrice des ressources, elle hérite la terre qui lui sera léguée par ses ainés, elle est une force qui doit assurer la rupture entre la gestion non respectueuse de l'environnement pour un modèle économique basé sur les trois pilier d'un développement durable à savoir, la croissance économique, la justice sociale, clé d'une paix mondiale et la préservation de l'environnement. Ceci doit passer par l'éducation de cette jeunesse, elle doit prendre connaissance et conscience de sa place et de son impact dans la gestion des ressources naturelles.
The impact of youth in the rational management of natural resources.
(Par Sylvain Kulimushi Matabaro, ISP-Bukavu)
Key words: youth, natural resource management.
In the twenty-first century, the world is faced with multifaceted problems. But it appears clearly that the irrational management of natural resources is one of the main causes that fuel conflicts to the surface of the globe. Control over oil resources by multinational Great Powers, to the detriment of indigenous peoples, the loss of biodiversity due to over-exploitation, pollution of terrestrial, marine and atmospheric ecosystems, such are the evils that plague the world today. Youth consumes resources, it inherits the earth that will be inherited by his elders, it is a force which must ensure the break between disrespectful management of natural resource for an economic model based on the three pillars of sustainable development: to economic growth, social justice, a key to world peace and the preservation of the environment. This should include education of the youth, it requires knowledge and awareness of its place and its impact on natural resource management.
Photo gallery
Date:
March 23, 2014
Topic:
"Geo-education, geo-heritage and peace building in Africa and Middle East"
The day was celebrated in Bukavu under the coverage of Centre for Research and Documentation of African CERDAF/Bukavu.
Program of activities:
Activities with pupils and teachers of geography from secondary schools
9:00-9:30: Opening Ceremony.
9:30-10:00: What about natural phenomena.
10:15-11:45: Workshop for geography teachers:
- 10:15-10:30: The hydrological cycle (Paul Burama).
- 10:35-11:05: Notions on Geodynamics (Jaziel Nkere).
- 11:10-11:25: Natural risks prevention (Francoise Kwinja).
- 11:30-11:45: Notions on Geoparks (Jean-Robert Nshokano Mweze).
Activities with students of secondary and primary school
11:15-11:45: exposure of geological maps, rocks and minerals.
11:50-12:20: Brief refreshment.
13:00-13:30: Opening of the conference.
13:45-14:05: Management of natural risks (Serges Butara)
14:10-14:30: The artisanal mining in South Kivu: socio-economic impacts (Norbert Mweze et al).
14:35-14:45: Break.
14:50-15:10: Characterization of a sedimentary basin with a structural analysis: the case of Inkisi basin in Kinshasa (DR Congo) (Gloire Ganza Bamulezi).
15:15-15:35: Study of deformation in the gneiss Bunyakiri, south of Lake Kivu, DR Congo: the case of Bulambika and Miowe sectors (Cirhuza Cirimwami Rodrigue et al.).
16:05-16:35: Team-work for recommendations.
16:40-17:15: Brief refreshment.
Report
The morning program had 23 participants: 5 teachers of geography and 18 pupils coming from 3 high schools of Bukavu (see the photo above): Institut Fadhili, Institut Tumaini and Lycee Wima.The workshop was addressed to teachers of geography. In the same time, we were an exposition and explanation of rocks, minerals and geological maps of the region to pupils. The workshop was conducted according to four topics: hydrologic cycle, geodynamics, risk prevention and notions of geo-parks.
The afternoon program (conference) had 70 participants. We had 4 scientific presentations as mentioned in the program. In the end of the conference, some recommendations were taken according to 3 topics: 1) Natural risks, 2) Mining exploitation, 3) Geology and geoeducation.
Teamwork
The Teamwork has allowed us to develop recommendations in the following areas:
1. Theme I: Natural Hazards
- Responsibilities for establishing sectors threatened by natural hazards: the responsibilities of the State.
- The government should establish a framework for risk management. This structure could raise awareness on the risk management.
- The cadastral service of works, in synergy with research centers and universities, could have a role in risk management.
- The State should promote studies and research on civil engineering.
- The YES and IAPG Associations could organize meetings such this one by involving political authorities.
- There is the need to have a rational management of the environment.
- The State should consider to relocate some parts of the city which are affected by major risks.
2. Theme II: Mining exploitation
- There is a revision of the mining code (by the national parliament).
- It is fundamental to choose and promote industrial logging that provides benefits to government, and attach a participatory mapping
- There is the need to revitalize the CRM - Centre of Mining Research.
- We should support the population located in mining areas with other revenue-generating activities.
- The SAESSCAM should be responsible in promoting assistance to diggers.
- Legal aspects, implementing legislation to end corruption in the mining sector, should be improved.
- Local NGOs working for human rights and local development in mining sites, including artisanal mining areas, should be encouraged.
- YES and IAPG organizations could collaborate with SESSCAM (a service in charge to assist artisanal diggers).
- We need to conduct environmental studies.
3. Theme: Geology and geoeducation
- May the presentations deal with subjects out of the city of Bukavu,
- See how to expose easy terms for more understanding in "easy french" for a large public
- Choose topics related to the geological reality of the environment
- Produce leaflets for young beginners showing the goals and interests of geology as well as broadcasts and connections with secondary schools by geoscientific clubs
- Put a lot of images in the exposed powerpoint
- Many people have focused on mining geology ( mining ) . Therefore, it will be important to show other parts of geosciences to the large public opinion.
- May such activities be regularly organized
- Establish collaborations with institutions working within the framework of geology
- May young scientists adhere to YES and if possible now
- Initiate such activities of conferences in rural areas to help the villagers geoeducation
- May YES DR Congo creates departments that is in charge with each topic
Other posts on this event:
http://iapgeoethics.blogspot.it/2014/03/iapg-for-desame-day-of-earth-sciences.htmlAbstracts
Les risques naturels au niveau mondial en général et au Sud Kivu en particulier.
(Serges Butara, CRGM/Lwiro)
Mots clefs: Risques Naturels, Sud-Kivu.
L'intérêt porté aux risques naturels et aux catastrophes naturelles ne cesse de croître. Par catastrophes naturelles, on entend les sinistres provoqués par les forces de la nature. Ces catastrophes sont très divers tant par leur étendue géographique que par leur échelle de temps. D'après les responsables de la Veille Météorologique Mondiale, notre planète subit d'innombrables assauts au cours d'une année: de l'ordre de 100000 orages, 10000 inondations, des milliers de séismes, d'incendies de forêts, de glissements de terrain, d'avalanches et de tornades, et des centaines d'éruptions volcaniques, de cyclones tropicaux, d'épisodes de sécheresse et d'infestations acridiennes. Seules les plus dramatiques de ces catastrophes font les gros titres de la presse internationale, mais toutes causent des pertes en vies humaines et des dégâts matériels. Au cours des trente dernières années, les catastrophes naturelles ont coûté la vie à plus de trois millions de personnes et laissé plus d'un milliard d'individus malades ou sans abri, dont 95% dans les pays en voie de développement.
The natural risks in the world in general and in South Kivu in particular.
(Serges Butara, CRGM/Lwiro)
Keywords: natural risks, South Kivu.
The interest to the natural risks (hazards) and the natural disasters continues to grow. Natural disasters are provoked by the strengths of the nature. These disasters are various following their geographical extent and their scale of time. According to the responsible of the Vigil World Meteorological, during one year our planet is subject of innumerable: around 100000 storms, 10000 floodings, the thousands of earthquakes, forests fires, landslides, avalanches and tornados, and the hundreds of volcanic eruptions, of tropical cyclones, and episodes of drought. Only dramatic disasters interest international press, but all cause losses in human lives and the material damages. During the last thirty years, the natural disasters cost life to more of three millions of people and let more than one billion persons sick or without shelter, 95% in the developing countries.
Caractérisation d’un bassin sédimentaire à l’aide d’une analyse structurale : cas du bassin de l’Inkisi à Kinshasa(RDC),
(Gloire Ganza Bamulezi, Université Officielle de Bukavu)
Mots-clés: Bassin sédimentaire, analyse structurale, paléocourant, fluvio-deltaïque, Inkisi, Kinshasa.
L'analyse structurale des données relatives à l'orientation des plans de stratification et des litages obliques observés dans le bassin sédimentaire de l'Inkisi affleurant à Kinshasa et ses environs immédiats a permis la caractérisation dudit bassin. L'orientation des paléocourants à l'origine de la mise en place des sédiments prouve que la zone source des sédiments (massif du Chaillu au Gabon) se situe au nord du bassin, et que la paléopente de ce dernier (10°-20°) n'est pas fort accidentée. Ces paramètres structuraux obtenus à l'aide du Logiciel Win-tensor (version 5.0.0) ont permis de renforcer l'hypothèse relative à la nature fluvio-deltaïque du bassin qui avait été émise par Philippe Alvarez ses compagnons en 1995.
Characterization of a sedimentary basin with a structural analysis: the case of the Inkisi basin in Kinshasa (DRC).
(Gloire Ganza Bamulezi, Universite Officielle de Bukavu)
Keywords. Sedimentary basin, structural analysis, paleocurrent, fluvio- deltaic, Inkisi Basin, Kinshasa
Structural analysis of data on the bedding planes orientation and oblique litages observed in the Inkisi sedimentary Basin flush in Kinshasa and its immediate surroundings has allowed to make the characterization of the basin. The paleocurrent orientation in origin of the setting up of sediments shows that the source of sediment (Chaillu Massif in Gabon) is located in the north of the basin, and the palaeoslope of the basin (10°-20°) is not very hilly. These structural parameters obtained using the tensor-Win software (version 5.0.0) have strengthened the hypothesis on the fluvio-deltaic nature of the basin which had been issued by Philippe Alvarez and his companions in 1995.
Etude de la deformation dans les gneiss de Bunyakiri, sud-est du Lac Kivu, R.D. Congo: cas des secteurs de Bulambika et Miowe.
(Rodrigue Cirhuza Cirimwami 1, Toussaint Mugaruka Bibentyo 1, Corneille Kapajika Badibanga 2, Espoir Mugisho Birhenjira 1)
1 Université Officielle de Bukavu
2 Université de Lubumbashi
Le secteur de Bulambika-Miowe à Bunyakiri est caractérisé par deux phases tectoniques qui sont définies par trois types des structures géologiques observées dans les gneiss.
- La première phase rattachée à la phase de déformation D2 de la tectonique du Kivu a mis en en place des déformations homogènes dont la foliation et la linéation minérale des gneiss. Ces deux structures sont parallèles respectivement au plan axial et à l’axe du pli déversé vers l’ENE défini par Rumvegeri (1987) dans les formations de Bunyakiri.
- La deuxième phase de déformation rattachée à la phase de déformation D2 est caractérisée par un cisaillement tardif à postérieur à D2 qui a affecté les gneiss de métamorphisme mésozonal à catazonal de Bulambilka-Myowe. Ce cisaillement a généré des fractures de Riedel qui encaisse les filons conjugués de pegmatites.
L'impact de la jeunesse dans la gestion rationnelle des ressources naturelles.
(Par Sylvain Kulimushi Matabaro, ISP-Bukavu)
Mots clés: jeunesse, gestion ressources naturelles.
Le Monde à l'aube du XXIe siècle est confronté à des problèmes multiformes. Mais il apparait de manière évidente que la gestion irrationnelle des ressources naturelles est l'une des principales causes qui alimentent les conflits à la surface du globe. La mainmise sur les ressources pétrolières par les multinationaux des Grandes puissances, au détriment des populations autochtones, l'érosion de la biodiversité à cause de la surexploitation, la pollution des écosystèmes terrestres, marins et atmosphériques, tels sont les maux qui rongent le monde actuellement. La jeunesse est consommatrice des ressources, elle hérite la terre qui lui sera léguée par ses ainés, elle est une force qui doit assurer la rupture entre la gestion non respectueuse de l'environnement pour un modèle économique basé sur les trois pilier d'un développement durable à savoir, la croissance économique, la justice sociale, clé d'une paix mondiale et la préservation de l'environnement. Ceci doit passer par l'éducation de cette jeunesse, elle doit prendre connaissance et conscience de sa place et de son impact dans la gestion des ressources naturelles.
The impact of youth in the rational management of natural resources.
(Par Sylvain Kulimushi Matabaro, ISP-Bukavu)
Key words: youth, natural resource management.
In the twenty-first century, the world is faced with multifaceted problems. But it appears clearly that the irrational management of natural resources is one of the main causes that fuel conflicts to the surface of the globe. Control over oil resources by multinational Great Powers, to the detriment of indigenous peoples, the loss of biodiversity due to over-exploitation, pollution of terrestrial, marine and atmospheric ecosystems, such are the evils that plague the world today. Youth consumes resources, it inherits the earth that will be inherited by his elders, it is a force which must ensure the break between disrespectful management of natural resource for an economic model based on the three pillars of sustainable development: to economic growth, social justice, a key to world peace and the preservation of the environment. This should include education of the youth, it requires knowledge and awareness of its place and its impact on natural resource management.
Photo gallery
